Today's Orthodox Nationalist deals with the philosophical views of the famous St. Theophan the Recluse (1815-1894). Living throughout the 19th century, St. Theophan lived in a time of extreme intellectual ferment, and the growth of the revolutionary mind. Russia was the bulwark against this (as 1848-1849 proved), but Theophan saw the cracks in the Roman edifice. While celebrated as a great spiritual guide, Theophan was also an original philosopher; the philosopher of counterrevolution.