The old covenant in Exodus was made between God and those who had not previously known him. In Jeremiah, the new (renewed) covenant was given to those who had already known God but sinned against him. Both the old covenant (in Exodus) and the renewed covenant (in Jeremiah) contain a promise of forgiveness to those who would live in obedience.
Whether a person had not yet known God, or has turned away from him but wanted to return, there is also this promise of forgiveness to those who repent.

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