Terms used

If you’re not familiar with some of the terms used in this discussion – some key ones are described here for your reference:

• C rate – the charge and discharge rates of a battery. This varies by battery, but a 1C rate will be a defined current over a particular period of time. 
• Cell – The smallest form of a battery – best considered in consumer terms as a single AA or AAA, etc battery.
• Module – A number of individual cells connected together. Multiple modules will be used in a pack.
• Pack – A collection of battery cells, OR battery modules connected together to form the full power source for a device – for example the pack that would be connected to a power tool.
• Thermal runaway – Due to misuse, damage or aging, the process where a battery starts to self-heat. As the battery heats, it causes more damage, reading to greater heating, often resulting in fire, explosion or release of gases. An internal short-circuit is often the intermediate cause of the runaway. The runaway will continue until all the chemicals causing the runaway reaction have been consumed. These are very difficult reactions to stop once they have started.
• Arcing – Current passing through a gas, which causes the electrical breakdown of that gas, often accompanied by production of plasma and visible light.
• Series connection – connecting two or more batteries positive-to-negative. This provides a system that delivers the sum of the battery voltages, without adjust the amp hour output.  For example, two 4-volt 3 amp-hour, batteries in series would provide 8 volts and 3 amp hours. 
• Parallel connection – connecting two or more batteries together positive-to-positive and negative-to-negative. This provides a system with increased amp hour ratings, without adjusting the current. For example, two 4-volt 3 amp-hour, batteries in parallel would provide 4 volts and 6 amp hours.
• Burst disk – a single use pressure relief system, which is a surface that bursts when a certain pressure is exceeded.

Nigel also mentions the Munro Tesla teardown – you can find that video here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LeZzEg3GIcg

As well as www.batterydesign.net, Nigel is online at https://www.linkedin.com/in/nigel-taylor-2131964/ 

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